I've seen the claim quite a bit, but has it ever been properly researched, as in which fights he won he each title etc.? You'd really need to speak French to look into this (which I don't).
I think it's plausible he did it, he was basically a prodigy, but I've not seen anyone having really researched it and verified it either. I do alsowonder if the titles would have started at flyweight (which was pretty unestablished at that point), or bantam if true.
1909-12-04 Boxing (London) (page 330) To commence with the meeting between that excellent boy boxer, Georges Carpentier, and Ledoux. The latter of these nippers only a few weeks ago came out as a revelation. The former has now been at the game just over a year, and in that remarkably short space of time carved a name for himself in the fistic world. I picked out this mere kid (he is not yet sixteen) on the occasion of his first appearance in a serious contest, just twelve months ago. It was at Maisous Laffitte, when this precocious youngster undertook a 20 3-min. rd. encounter with such hot stuff as Salmon--dubbed "The Little Wonder." Carpentier won on a foul. They met again, but Georges' seconds skied the sponge in the 18th rd. 1909-12-11 Boxing (London) (page 354) The clever little bantam, Georges Carpentier met Paul Til at Lille in a 20 2min. contest. At the 8th meeting Carpentier dropped on an injured knee and retired from the fray, leaving Til winner. Carpentier damaged his knee when jumping from the ring after his recent victory over Ledoux. I saw the mishap, so there is no blarney.
So I don't think he ever won the bantamweight championship of France. Nov 27 ended in favor of Til, and not Carpentier, as boxrec states. Although he beat Til on Dec 22, 1909, the contest must have been not at bantamweight, as Sporting Life on Jan 12, 1910, advertised another bout between them, calling Til the bantamweight champion of France. Carpentier doesn't even mention Til in his auto-bio book, it starts with Ed Salmon and then he moved right to Young Warner fight (the disqualification of Warner was considered too quick, the referee erring for the second time the same evening, allowing a lot of fouls to go unnoticed in the other bout).