Whilst I'm obviously cautious about expressing a contrary opinion, I was made curious by my own question and googled...American website drugfreeworld.org says that cocaine was made illegal in 1922. Apparently using it with a prescription or getting it from a rare licensed outlet between 1914 and 1921 was a-ok. This is from Wiki: "The next important federal regulation was the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914. While this act is often seen as the start of prohibition, the act itself was not actually a prohibition on cocaine, but instead set up a regulatory and licensing regime.[91] ... The Harrison Act left manufacturers of cocaine untouched so long as they met certain purity and labeling standards.[112] Despite that cocaine was typically illegal to sell and legal outlets were more rare, the quantities of legal cocaine produced declined very little.[112] Legal cocaine quantities did not decrease until the Jones-Miller Act of 1922 put serious restrictions on cocaine manufactures.[112]" I would say it passed from legal, to decriminalised, to illegal, kind of the opposite of what's happening with marijuana now in a lot of places. Interestingly enough (though completely unrelated), cocaine was seen as absolutely fine for use until the working classes started to use it, most especially AA's. There seems to have been a bit of hysteria about that, although its use also supposedly led to several race-riots with hopped up white Americans going bat****.
But realistically, Dempsey was no saint, and everything Maxine Cates alleged rings true to how desperate hobo prizefighters of the time would have been living. Doc Kearns was a crook, convicted, I believe, for various, before meeting Dempsey. Maxine Cates was a veteran wh0re by her own admission. Jack Dempsey was probably a pimp and a bully and all those other things, if I had to guess.
Did Maxine Cates attend any of Jack Dempsey's bouts, let alone the first one between Fireman Jim Flynn and Dempsey? At many venues in the United States until after World War I, women weren't allowed to attend professional boxing cards. During Dempsey's trial on the charge that he dodged the draft during World War I, there was quite a bit of testimony which seemed to be far from being truthful. - Chuck Johnston
If she didn't make it up, I think it was more a case of hearing things. Prostitutes tend to hear things, have good access to a lot of inside information, that's why they have been used by military intelligence and espionage agencies in the past. She hung out in bars and bedrooms with gamblers and the like, no doubt. Whether the information is true or accurate, who knows.
Thats splitting hairs. Steroids can be bought with a prescription that doesnt make them "legal" for someone to use them recreationally. For all intents and purposes if Dempsey was using cocaine as a PED without a valid reason it was illegal otherwise why would Cates have even made a big deal out of it.
It was probably a dive, but a fair few of Jacks wins were probably dives too. It sort of evens itself out.
If someone with a prescription for steroids is using steroids "recreationally" they won't be prosecuted for using steroids. There might be complications with the legality of their prescription, but probably not. A sportsman might be charged with using them by the governing body of their sport, of course. But even then, there appear to have been legal ways to get cocaine in 1917 without a prescription. But, it is splitting hairs, at this point. Certainly cocaine was on its way to being illegal between 1914 and 1922, although 1922 seems to be the point at which it is agreed that cocaine became illegal as I understand the term.
Cocaine use was undoubtedly frowned upon or feared by polite society, that's why Maxine Cates mentioned it. On the other hand, if she was "making it all up" who knows what was going on in her head. Steroids are legal in the UK, as long as you are not selling them. In the USA, I believe people can be arrested and imprisoned for possessing them ? But maybe it differs from state to state. So perhaps that's too complex to get into.
Prizefighting was fairly disreputable at the time too, and the people who were trying to prohibit and stigmatize alcohol were holding a lot of sway in 1920 too, at the very least !
Which states even had a boxing commission in Dempsey's pre-title days ? Unless drugs were explicitly banned in negotiations or contracts, I don't think sniffing a smidge on cocaine would have been considered cheating. Not like, say, bashing someone's head in with a railroad spike or plaster of paris .. or the good ol' horseshoe.
Were drug-enhanced performances an issue during the early part of the 20th Century? I doubt it. But there claims about fighters losing bouts because they got doped by people with shady motives. - Chuck Johnston
I've got an old training book (athletics and sports in general, not boxing) that mentions "cocaine lozenges", says they are overrated. Performance-enhancing drugs were probably not much of an "issue" until the 1960s, when some cyclists died from going crazy with the amphetamines, and obviously because of the Cold War and the USA v. USSR ? East Germany at the Olympics, and all that sh!t. I don't think PEDs were naturally thought of as out and out "cheating" until relatively recently. Yeah, performance-sabotage doping was an issue, in boxing, at least since the old English prize ring days, as the whole sport was built around big gambling backers and side stakes.