Most effective exercises for explosiveness?

maximum power in the shortest time depends on the person. so to review, for an untrained person, fastest way to get max power is strength train

for more intermediate and advanced athletes (from strength vs bodyweight charts) you would have to structure a sophisticated cross training program where you mix the strength training lifts and pair them up with plyometric exercises

you should read some football or sprinter workouts, like a coach's manual on how to structure training programs. you can find some online by googling, go through a few of them before designing yours

you should note that the plyometrics are not overdone. this is not going to be like your beachbody insanity workout with Shaun T where you are doing plyometrics for 1 minute straight and destroying your joints with that much volume.

you will be doing 5x5 of INTENSE SHORT BURSTS, or similar variations of volume.

 

Sprints, of course. 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

Then, different exercises with weights (the difference compared to classic weightlifting is that you should take relatively light dumbbels or barbell and do the reps in explosive manner). Take any of AJ videos where he works out in gym.

Then, putting shot with a right technique will help you to develop explosiveness too.