According to D'Amato, it may have been related to Patterson's owing him money; according to Patterson, D'Amato (who met Patterson when he was a teenager) never stopped treating him like a child, and Patterson finally hit a breaking point.
I think cus needed absolute control and demanded unconditional loyalty and sometimes that is not achievable among adults. Floyd became a Catholic and cus did not like or became insecure about the influence a priest had over Floyd. Perhaps cus gave Floyd an ultimatum? Floyd did leave cus. According to Tyson d'amato blamed the church for stealing Patterson from him. However, Patterson always regretted getting rid of cus.
I'm not sure of the circumstances; IMO Cus was certainly an asset to Floyd's early career despite 'overprotecting' him which, in retrospect, maybe needn't had to have happened. Post-Liston, Floyd seemed to be just as formidable. His new trainer, was it Ernie Fowler? seemed to be a 'good one' as evidenced by Floyd's post-Liston career.